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A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Less sensitive urine tests and qualitative blood tests may not detect pregnancy until three or four days after implantation. [25] Menstruation occurs on average 14 days after ovulation, so the likelihood of a false negative is low once a menstrual period is late. Ovulation may not occur at a predictable time in the menstrual cycle.
The mother's urine can also be tested for drugs, but it cannot detect drugs used too far in the past or determine how much or how often the drugs were used. [34] Tests cannot generally detect cocaine use over a week prior to sample collection. [35] Mothers are more honest about cocaine use when their urine is also tested, but many users still ...
Blood and urine tests can detect pregnancy by 11 and 14 days, respectively, after fertilization. [78] [79] Blood pregnancy tests are more sensitive than urine tests (giving fewer false negatives). [80] Home pregnancy tests are urine tests, and normally detect a pregnancy 12 to 15 days after fertilization. [81]
Urine drug testing is one of the most common testing methods used. The enzyme-multiplied immune test is the most frequently used urinalysis. Complaints have been made about the relatively high rates of false positives using this test. [18] Urine drug tests screen the urine for the presence of a parent drug or its metabolites.
Most cannabis drug tests yield a positive result when the concentration of THC-COOH in urine exceeds 50 ng/mL. [10] Urine testing is an immunoassay based test on the principle of competitive binding. Drugs which may be present in the urine specimen compete against their respective drug conjugate for binding sites on their specific antibody ...
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Blood; Urine; CSF; Feces; Vital signs; Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 ...