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  2. Affect vs. Effect: What’s the Difference? - AOL

    www.aol.com/affect-vs-effect-difference...

    For instance, you could correctly say, “The effects of climate change can be felt worldwide” and “This medicine may have some side effects.” “Affect,” meanwhile, is a verb that means ...

  3. Disparate impact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disparate_impact

    If we take the 80% rule to apply via the odds ratio, this implies that the threshold odds ratio for assuming discrimination is 1.25 – the other measures of effect size are therefore: =, =, =, (>) = This implies that discrimination is presumed to exist if 0.4% of the variation in outcomes is explained and there is a 0.123 standard deviation ...

  4. Matthew effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_effect

    The songs that were most popular and downloaded the most stayed at the top of the list and consistently received the most plays. To summarize the experiment's findings, the performance rankings had the largest effect boosting expected downloads the most. Download rankings had a decent effect; however, not as impactful as the performance ...

  5. Reciprocity (social psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(social...

    Negative reciprocity occurs when an action that has a negative effect on someone is returned with an action that has an approximately equal negative effect. [ 23 ] [ 28 ] For example, if an individual commits a violent act against a person, it is expected that person would return with a similar act of violence.

  6. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. [1]

  7. Law of triviality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_triviality

    The law of triviality is C. Northcote Parkinson's 1957 argument that people within an organization commonly give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. [1] Parkinson provides the example of a fictional committee whose job was to approve the plans for a nuclear power plant spending the majority of its time on discussions about relatively minor but easy-to-grasp issues, such as what ...

  8. FTC's rule banning fake online reviews goes into effect - AOL

    www.aol.com/ftcs-rule-banning-fake-online...

    A federal rule banning fake online reviews is now in effect. The Federal Trade Commission issued the rule in August banning the sale or purchase of online reviews. “Fake reviews not only waste ...

  9. Correlation does not imply causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply...

    Reverse causation or reverse causality or wrong direction is an informal fallacy of questionable cause where cause and effect are reversed. The cause is said to be the effect and vice versa. Example 1 The faster that windmills are observed to rotate, the more wind is observed. Therefore, wind is caused by the rotation of windmills.