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In notation for keyboard instruments, numbers are used to relate to the fingers themselves, not the hand position on the keyboard. In modern scores, the fingers are numbered from 1 to 5 on each hand: the thumb is 1, the index finger is 2, the middle finger is 3, the ring finger is 4 and the little finger is 5. Earlier usage varied by region.
Finger-tapping consists of placing one hand with the finger pads on the keyboard, with the PIP joint as the highest point, and then using the other hand to tap on the DIP joint or the fingertips, then releasing the fingers, allowing them to return quickly to the surface.
Finger substitution is a playing technique used on many different instruments, ranging from stringed instruments such as the violin and cello to keyboard instruments such as the piano and pipe organ. It involves replacing one finger which is depressing a string or key with another finger to facilitate the performance of a passage or create a ...
The second finger under this system will refer to the index finger (or second digit) in medicine, [3] or in a musical context when referencing the playing of keyboard instruments. [ 2 ] The third finger usually refers to the middle finger (or third digit) in a medical context, [ 1 ] or in a musical context when referring to keyboard instruments.
A transposing piano is a special piano with a mechanism (operated by a pedal or lever) that changes the keyboard position relative to the action (see Development of the modern piano for details). This transposes (changes the key of) any particular keyboard fingering.
The effect had been prefigured by composers including Francesco Pollini (1762–1846), a pupil of Mozart, whose 32 esercizi for the piano (1829), based on techniques found in the keyboard music of Johann Sebastian Bach and Jean-Philippe Rameau, included music written on three staves, and using interlocking hand positions, to generate the impression of three, or even four, hands.