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The extra digit is most common on the ulnar (little finger) side of the hand, less common on the radial side, and very rarely within the middle three digits. These are respectively known as postaxial (little finger), preaxial (thumb), and central (ring, middle, index fingers) polydactyly.
The hand of a person with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly with syndactyly of several digits. Syndactyly can be simple or complex. [2] In simple syndactyly, adjacent fingers or toes are joined by soft tissue. In complex syndactyly, the bones of adjacent digits are fused. The kangaroo exhibits complex syndactyly. Syndactyly can be complete or incomplete.
The extra phalangeal bone can vary in size from that of a small pebble to a size comparable to the phalanges in non-thumb digits. The true incidence of the condition is unknown, but is estimated at 1:25,000 live births. [1] In about two-thirds of the patients with triphalangeal thumbs, there is a hereditary component. [2]
The most common symptom is a duplication of a triphalangeal thumb in the hands, which would leave the person affected by the condition with two triphalangeal thumbs in each hand, alongside other digital and radiological anomalies, such as duplication of the big toe, hypoplastic duplicated radius bones, etc. [5]
Other physical abnormalities associated with Carpenter syndrome include extra digits. Extra toes are more commonly seen than fingers. Often both the toes and fingers are webbed, a process that occurs before the sixth week gestational period. Often their digits will be abnormally short, and the fingers are commonly missing an interphalangeal joint.
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Ectrodactyly, split hand, or cleft hand [1] (from Ancient Greek ἔκτρωμα (ektroma) 'miscarriage' and δάκτυλος (daktylos) 'finger') [2] involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM). [3]
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