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Eosinopenia is a condition where the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in circulating blood is lower than normal. [1] Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte and consequently from the same cellular lineage as neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells.
Furthermore, eosinophil count returned towards baseline in those reslizumab-treated patients who completed a follow-up assessment (n=35, 480 cells/μL), approximately 120 days after the last dose of reslizumab. Therefore, reductions of blood eosinophils were related to reslizumab serum levels. [13]
Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 5 × 10 8 /L (500/μL). [1] Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 × 10 9 /L (i.e. 1,500/μL).
For instance, patients with eosinophilic asthma have high levels of eosinophils that lead to inflammation and tissue damage, making it more difficult for patients to breathe. [6] [7] Eosinophils persist in the circulation for 8–12 hours, and can survive in tissue for an additional 8–12 days in the absence of stimulation. [8]
Numerous techniques are used to diagnose hypereosinophilic syndrome, of which the most important is blood testing. In HES, the eosinophil count is greater than 1.5 × 10 9 /L. On some smears the eosinophils may appear normal in appearance, but morphologic abnormalities, such as a lowering of granule numbers and size, can be observed.
Laboratory tests typical of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia include increased levels of eosinophils in the blood, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, iron deficiency anemia, and increased platelets. A chest X-ray can show abnormalities anywhere, but the most specific finding is increased shadow in the periphery of the lungs, away from the heart.
Typically, the disorder is associated with hypereosinophilia, i.e. an eosinophil blood cell count greater than 1,500 per microliter (normal 100 to 400 per microliter). It is distinguished from non-eosinophilic myocarditis , which is heart inflammation caused by other types of white blood cells, i.e. lymphocytes and monocytes , as well as the ...
Long-term treatment with corticosteroids lowers blood eosinophil levels as well as suppresses and prevents complications of the disease in >80% of cases. However, signs and symptoms of the disease recur in virtually all cases if corticosteroid dosages are tapered in order to reduce the many adverse side effects of corticosteroids.
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