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As of 2021, 2021 PH 27 holds the record for the smallest semi-major axis (0.46 AU) and shortest orbital period (114 days) of any known asteroid, supplanting 2019 LF 6 and 594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim (0.56 AU, 151 days). For comparison, Mercury has a semi-major axis of 0.39 AU and an orbital period of 88 days. [14]
More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its geocentric distance [note 1] is within a tenth of the lunar distance, or 0.10 LD. For comparison, since a satellite in a geostationary orbit has an altitude of about 36,000 km (22,000 mi), then its geocentric distance is 0.11 LD (approximately three times the width of the Earth).
The largest asteroid to pass within 1 LD of Earth in 2020 was 2020 LD with an estimated diameter of around 145 meters and an absolute magnitude of 22.4. The fastest asteroid to pass within 1 LD of Earth in 2020 was 2020 FD 2 that passed Earth with a velocity with respect to Earth of 33.4 km/s (75,000 mph). [3] [note 2]
An asteroid the size of a small truck will pass by Earth tonight, making one of the closest approaches to the planet ever recorded. Asteroid 2023 BU will zoom over the southern tip of South ...
The fastest asteroid to pass within 1 LD of Earth in 2023 was 2023 TK 15 that passed Earth with a velocity with respect to Earth of 21.95 km/s (49,100 mph), [4] while the slowest bypass within lunar distance was that of 2023 XQ 16 at a velocity with respect to Earth of 3.16 km/s (7,100 mph). [5]
The asteroid, officially known as 2024 YR4, recently flew past Earth and is on its way back in 2032. Recent estimates had suggested that there was a chance it could collide with Earth when it did.
An asteroid for which there is some possibility of a collision with Earth at a future date and which is above a certain size is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA). Specifically, an asteroid is a PHA if its Earth minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) is <0.05 AU and its absolute magnitude is 22 or brighter. [2]
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