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Here, the silicic acid H 4 SiO 4, or Si(OH) 4, which is equivalent to SiO 2 · 2 H 2 O represents hydrous or amorphous silica for the sake of simplicity in aqueous chemistry. Indeed, the term silicic acid has traditionally been used as a synonym for silica, SiO 2. Strictly speaking, silica is the anhydride of orthosilicic acid, Si(OH) 4.
Etching tanks used to perform Piranha, hydrofluoric acid or RCA clean on 4-inch wafer batches at LAAS technological facility in Toulouse, France. Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer ...
Glass etching, or "French embossing", is a popular technique developed during the mid-1800s that is still widely used in both residential and commercial spaces today. Glass etching comprises the techniques of creating art on the surface of glass by applying acidic, caustic, or abrasive substances.
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs.The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already ...
Michigan Concrete Association recommends a regular salt like Morton table salt instead of an ice melter because it’s 100 percent sodium chloride (NaCl). This, however, is recommended for ...
Oxidation of pyrite in clay formations in contact with concrete – this produces sulfuric acid which reacts with concrete. Bacterial activity in sewers – anaerobic sulfate reduction at work in the organic-rich sludges accumulated under water in the conduits produces hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S).