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  2. Jacobi polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi_polynomials

    Plot of the Jacobi polynomial function (,) with = and = and = in the complex plane from to + with colors created with Mathematica 13.1 function ComplexPlot3D. In mathematics, Jacobi polynomials (occasionally called hypergeometric polynomials) (,) are a class of classical orthogonal polynomials.

  3. Conjugate gradient method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gradient_method

    The result, x 2, is a "better" approximation to the system's solution than x 1 and x 0. If exact arithmetic were to be used in this example instead of limited-precision, then the exact solution would theoretically have been reached after n = 2 iterations ( n being the order of the system).

  4. Orthogonal coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_coordinates

    A conformal map acting on a rectangular grid. Note that the orthogonality of the curved grid is retained. While vector operations and physical laws are normally easiest to derive in Cartesian coordinates, non-Cartesian orthogonal coordinates are often used instead for the solution of various problems, especially boundary value problems, such as those arising in field theories of quantum ...

  5. Spherical harmonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics

    The expansion coefficients are the analogs of Fourier coefficients, and can be obtained by multiplying the above equation by the complex conjugate of a spherical harmonic, integrating over the solid angle Ω, and utilizing the above orthogonality relationships. This is justified rigorously by basic Hilbert space theory.

  6. Orthogonal polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_polynomials

    They can sometimes be written in terms of Jacobi polynomials. For example, Zernike polynomials are orthogonal on the unit disk. The advantage of orthogonality between different orders of Hermite polynomials is applied to Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) structure. More than one symbol can be carried in each grid of time ...

  7. Walsh function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsh_function

    Walsh functions and trigonometric functions are both systems that form a complete, orthonormal set of functions, an orthonormal basis in the Hilbert space [,] of the square-integrable functions on the unit interval.

  8. Orthogonality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonality_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms. Two elements u and v of a vector space with bilinear form B {\displaystyle B} are orthogonal when B ( u , v ) = 0 {\displaystyle B(\mathbf {u} ,\mathbf {v} )=0} .

  9. Polynomial interpolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_interpolation

    For example, given a = f(x) = a 0 x 0 + a 1 x 1 + ··· and b = g(x) = b 0 x 0 + b 1 x 1 + ···, the product ab is a specific value of W(x) = f(x)g(x). One may easily find points along W(x) at small values of x, and interpolation based on those points will yield the terms of W(x) and the specific product ab. As fomulated in Karatsuba ...

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