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The volume of body fluid, blood glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels are also tightly homeostatically maintained. The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg (154 lbs) is 20% of body weight – about fourteen liters. Eleven liters are interstitial fluid and the remaining three liters are plasma. [7]
This means the brain-to-body mass ratio is, on average, approximately the same for both sexes. [85] [86] Comparing a male and a female of the same body size, an average difference of 100 grams in brain-mass is present, the male having the bigger and heavier brain. This difference of 100 grams applies over the whole range of human sizes. [88] [89]
[17] [35] This is because nitrogen is five times more soluble in fat than in water, leading to greater amounts of total body dissolved nitrogen during time at pressure. Fat represents about 15–25 percent of a healthy adult's body, but stores about half of the total amount of nitrogen (about 1 litre) at normal pressures. [50]
The bladder should be emptied before a person's blood pressure is measured since this can increase blood pressure by up to 15/10 mmHg. [91] Multiple blood pressure readings (at least two) spaced 1–2 minutes apart should be obtained to ensure accuracy. [92] Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 12 to 24 hours is the most accurate method to ...
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass. [1]
A pressure difference can exist only if something is there for it to push against. In aerodynamic flow, the pressure difference pushes against the air's inertia, as the air is accelerated by the pressure difference. [88] This is why the air's mass is part of the calculation, and why lift depends on air density.
Lipid-rich, collagen fiber-laced blubber comprises the hypodermis [2] and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages. It is strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of tendons and ligaments, can comprise up to 50 per cent of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives, and can range from 5 cm (2 in ...
The combined surface area of all red blood cells of the human body would be roughly 2,000 times as great as the body's exterior surface. [ 14 ] 4,000–11,000 leukocytes : [ 15 ] White blood cells are part of the body's immune system ; they destroy and remove old or aberrant cells and cellular debris, as well as attack infectious agents ...