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Halocarbon compounds are chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine – group 17) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds.
Tetrafluoroethane (a haloalkane) is a colorless liquid that boils well below room temperature (as seen here) and can be extracted from common canned air canisters by simply inverting them during use. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides ) are alkanes containing one or more halogen substituents. [ 1 ]
End-groups that have been used in the functionalization of α-haloalkanes include hydroxide, -NH 2, -OH, -SH, -CHO,-COCH 3, -COOH, and epoxides. Addition of hydroxide group through an epoxide. An alternative approach for functionalizing end-groups is to begin polymerization with a functional anionic initiator. [12]
In organometallic chemistry, metal–halogen exchange is a fundamental reaction that converts an organic halide into an organometallic product. The reaction commonly involves the use of electropositive metals (Li, Na, Mg) and organochlorides, bromides, and iodides.
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This property is exploited in the Favorskii rearrangement, where base abstracts first an acidic α-hydrogen and the resulting carbanion then displaces the halogen. In crossed aldol reactions between halo ketones and aldehydes , the initial reaction product is a halohydrin which can subsequently form an oxirane in the presence of base.