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In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. [1] Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter.
A crystalline solid: atomic resolution image of strontium titanate.Brighter spots are columns of strontium atoms and darker ones are titanium-oxygen columns. Octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites in a face centered cubic structure Kikuchi lines in an electron backscatter diffraction pattern of monocrystalline silicon, taken at 20 kV with a field-emission electron source
The scientific definition of a "crystal" is based on the microscopic arrangement of atoms inside it, called the crystal structure. A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. (Quasicrystals are an exception, see below). Not all solids are crystals.
The diamond crystal structure belongs to the face-centered cubic lattice, with a repeated two-atom pattern.. In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point).
Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas.
One definition states that a cocrystal is a crystalline structure composed of at least two components, where the components may be atoms, ions or molecules. [4] This definition is sometimes extended to specify that the components be solid in their pure forms at ambient conditions. [ 6 ]
A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites.