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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence of effectiveness or logical mechanism of action. [1] [2]
Modern Chinese medicinal zǐhéchē 紫河车 "dried human placenta" Li Shizhen's (1597) Bencao gangmu, the classic materia medica of traditional Chinese medicine , included 35 human drugs, including organs, bodily fluids, and excreta. Crude drugs derived from the human body were commonplace in the early history of medicine.
Snake oil is the most widely known Chinese medicine in the west, due to extensive marketing in the west in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and wild claims of its efficacy to treat many maladies. [31] [32] Snake oil is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat joint pain by rubbing it on joints as a liniment. [31]
Traditional medicine is a form of alternative medicine. Practices known as traditional medicines include ancient Iranian medicine, Ayurveda, Ifá, medieval Islamic medicine, Muti, Rongoā, Siddha medicine, traditional African medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Iranian medicine, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani.
Acupuncture [b] is a form of alternative medicine [2] and a component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. [3] Acupuncture is a pseudoscience ; [ 4 ] [ 5 ] the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge , [ 6 ] and it has been characterized as quackery .
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine is published by World Scientific and covers topics relating to alternative medicine of all cultures, such as traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture. It was established in 1973 by Frederick F. Kao.