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In the U.S., critical infrastructure protection (CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or the nation. The American Presidential directive PDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection". [1]
One of those actions was to update the National Infrastructure Protection Plan within 240 days. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7) established the U.S. national policy for identification of and prioritization for protection of critical infrastructure. Signed by George W. Bush on December 17, 2003 it modified previous policy for ...
The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) defines critical infrastructure sector in the US. Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21), [11] issued in February 2013 entitled Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience mandated an update to the NIPP. This revision of the plan established the following 16 critical infrastructure sectors:
"Homeland defense (HD) is the protection of a sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression, or other threats as directed by the leader of that nation such as the President of the United States.
In the 1820s, infrastructure projects were promoted as a component of the American System by Henry Clay. Infrastructure spending fell dramatically after the Panic of 1837, and the next major period of infrastructure spending would not take place until 1851. By 1860, $119.8 million had been spent on internal improvements, with $77.2 million of ...
mission critical facilities. The federal government could help ensure greater energy security by requiring that its own mission critical facilities use on-site clean energy generation. It could direct the use of these technologies in any federally funded reconstruction of critical public buildings in the Gulf.
An infrastructure deficit occurs when there is long-term underinvestment and a lack of necessary levels of taxation by states to keep the infrastructure in good shape, according to Joseph Schofer.
It is imperative that the United States be adequately prepared to deal with attacks on critical infrastructure and cyber systems. As such, the President reviewed the recommendations of the Presidential Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection and has signed PDD-63, entitled Protecting America's Critical Infrastructures (PDD-63 is For ...