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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes , accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness , decreased muscle mass , and ...
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), is for women with menopausal symptoms. It is based on the idea that the treatment may prevent discomfort caused by diminished circulating estrogen and progesterone hormones, or in the case of the surgically or prematurely menopausal, that it may prolong life and may reduce incidence of dementia. [1]
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting about 237 million people or 3.3% of the world's population as of 2015. [ 4 ] [ 12 ] It becomes more common as people age. [ 1 ] Among those over 60 years old, about 10% of males and 18% of females are affected. [ 2 ]
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This is 0.5–1% of adults in the developed world with between 5 and 50 per 100,000 people newly developing the condition each year. [3] Onset is most frequent during middle age and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men. [1] It resulted in 38,000 deaths in 2013, up from 28,000 deaths in 1990. [11]
In women, estrogens can additionally cause vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, and anovulation, whereas in men, estrogens can additionally cause gynecomastia (male breast development), feminization, demasculinization, sexual dysfunction (reduced libido and erectile dysfunction), hypogonadism, testicular atrophy, and infertility.
Unlike spironolactone, bicalutamide has no antimineralocorticoid activity, [97] and for this reason, has no risk of hyperkalemia (which can, rarely/in severe cases, result in hospitalization or death) [112] or other antimineralocorticoid side effects such as urinary frequency, dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, or ...