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If concrete is fully dried, it does not creep, but it is next to impossible to dry concrete fully without severe cracking. Fig. 1. Changes of pore water content due to drying or wetting processes cause significant volume changes of concrete in load-free specimens.
After sufficient setting and hardening of concrete (after 28 days), the progressive loss of capillary water is also responsible for the "drying shrinkage". It is a continuous and long-term process occurring later during the concrete life when under dry conditions the larger pores of concrete are no longer completely saturated by water. Thermal ...
According to the PMBOK (7th edition) by the Project Management Institute (PMI), Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF) is a "type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets the defined performance criteria".
A construction contract is a mutual or legally binding agreement between two parties based on policies and conditions recorded in document form. The two parties involved are one or more property owners and one or more contractors.
Guaranteed maximum price: This contract is the same as the cost-plus-fee contract although there is a set price that the overall cost and fee do not go above. [4] Unitprice: This contract is used when the cost cannot be determined ahead of time. The owner provides materials with a specific unit price to limit spending.
A lump sum contract in construction is one type of construction contract, sometimes referred to as stipulated-sum, where a single price is quoted for an entire project based on plans and specifications and covers the entire project and the owner knows exactly how much the work will cost in advance. [1]
While most internal combustion engines don't require time to warm up — even though many people like to hop into a warm vehicle — EV owners may need to take some action before getting on the road.
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), also commonly known as concrete cancer, [3] is a deleterious internal swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous (i.e., non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture.