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In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease ), [ 3 ] or resolve over time but reoccur later in life ...
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM1 & TAM2) includes, among other symptoms, contractures, muscle weakness, and fatty atrophy of muscle. [24] [25] [26] Typical to Bethlem myopathy 1 and 2 are the presence of multiple contractures. [11] [5] A contracture can be caused by a variety of reasons, from disease to lifestyle (see Muscle contractures).
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Cutaneous ciliated cysts are a cutaneous condition characterized by solitary cysts located on the legs of females. [ 1 ] : 682 They are usually asymptomatic. The exact causes is unknown but they are believed to be made of ectopic Mullerian residue or ciliated eccrine gland metaplasia.
Relative incidence of cutaneous cysts, where epidermoid cysts constitute a plurality (blue area). An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst [1] is a benign cyst usually found on the skin. The cyst develops out of ectodermal tissue. Histologically, it is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium.
The main characteristics of this condition are poikiloderma, tendon contractures and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Other features include [2] Skin. Facial telangiectasia; Mottled hypo- and hyperpigmentation; Papules; Epidermal atrophy; Scanty hair; Tendon contractures affecting the Digits; Ankles; Other Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ...
From their common origin at a joint or tendon, ganglion cysts may form in a wide range of locations. Rarely, intraosseous ganglion cysts occur, sometimes in combination with a cyst in the overlying soft tissue. [6] [16] Rare cases of intramuscular ganglion cysts in the gastrocnemius muscle of the calf have been reported.