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For example, reaction of aniline with sulfuric acid at 180 °C produces sulfanilic acid, H 2 NC 6 H 4 SO 3 H. If bromine water is added to aniline, the bromine water is decolourised and a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline is formed. To generate the mono-substituted product, a protection with acetyl chloride is required:
A white solid, it is the chloride salt of anilinium, which is the conjugate acid of aniline, C 6 H 5 NH 2. Anilinium chloride is produced by treatment of aniline with hydrochloric acid. The cation consists of a phenyl ring attached to a tetrahedral ammonium center. The C-N bond elongates from 1.41 Å in aniline to 1.474 Å in anilinium. [2]
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton (H +) to a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it, as it loses a hydrogen ion in the reverse reaction.
2,4,6-Tribromoaniline can be prepared by treating bromine water with aniline in a solution of acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid: [1] By reacting bromine with aniline in water, a white precipitate immediately forms and that is 2,4,6-tribromoaniline
The hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide byproducts undergo a secondary reaction to release the byproducts of water and sodium chloride. The overall reaction is thus NaOCl + 2NH 3 → N 2 H 4 + NaCl + H 2 O. Excess ammonia and sodium chloride are removed by distillation, followed by azeotropic distillation with aniline to remove water.
The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this test, the amine is shaken well with the Hinsberg reagent ( benzenesulfonyl chloride ) in the presence of aqueous alkali (either KOH or NaOH).
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline can be prepared by reaction of dry aniline with chlorine gas while in an anhydrous solution of carbon tetrachloride. 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline precipitates from solution as a white solid. In the presence of water in the solution the white material will be contaminated with aniline black. [3]
Therefore, the side of the equation with water will be formed preferentially. If, for example, water, instead of hydroxide, was used to deprotonate the carboxylic acid, the equilibrium would not favor the formation of the carboxylate salt. This is because the conjugate acid, hydronium, has a pK a of -1.74, which is lower than the carboxylic ...