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In the year 1287, Sultan Qalawun decided to invade the Kingdom of Makuria and annex it to the Mamluk state militarily, after it had been politically dependent since it was conquered by the Mamluk forces during the reign of Sultan Baybars in the Battle of Dongola (1276). [2] [1] [4] [3]
Relations between the kingdom of Makuria and Rashidun Egypt had gotten off to a rocky start in 642 with the first battle of Dongola. After their defeat, the Arabs withdrew from Nubia and something of a peace had been established by 645. [1] According to the 14th-century Arab-Egyptian historian al-Maqrizi, Makuria did something to violate the ...
This included the kingdoms of Alodia, Makuria and Nobatia, which rested on Egypt's southern border. Over a century later, Islam united the Arabs into an expanding military and political force by 632. In 640, the military leader Amr ibn al-As conquered Byzantine Egypt. To consolidate Muslim control over Egypt, it was inevitable to secure its ...
This did not put a hold on Makurian aggression and between 962 and 964 they again attacked, this time pushing as far north as Akhmim. [82] Parts of Upper Egypt apparently remained occupied by Makuria for several years. [83] [84] Ikhshidid Egypt eventually fell in 969, when it was conquered by the Shiite Fatimid Caliphate.
This brought Makuria and the Ayyubids into conflict with each other. The following year, [ 3 ] a Makurian army pillaged Aswan and advanced even further north. It is not clear if this campaign was intended to aid the Fatimids or was merely a raid [ 2 ] exploiting the unstable situation in Egypt, [ 4 ] although the latter seems more likely, as ...
Roman troops fight an inconclusive battle against the Goths. Battle of Dibaltum: Goths, Alans and Huns defeat Romans. 378: Battle of Argentovaria: The Western Emperor Gratianus is victorious over the Alamanni, yet again. Battle of Adrianople: The Thervings under Fritigern defeat and kill the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens. 380: Battle of Thessalonica
Zacharias III (Arabic: Zakarya ibn-Bahnas) (c. 822 – c. 854) was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria.In 833, he ceased paying the Baqt to the rulers of Egypt, and prepared to fight the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tasim (833-842) over the tribute.
The Nubians and Egyptians had long been engaged in a series of skirmishes along the border region of their two countries in Upper Egypt.After the Fatimids were deposed, tensions rose as Nubian raids against Egyptian border towns grew bolder, culminating in the siege of Aswan by former Black Fatimid soldiers in late 1172 to early 1173.