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  2. Shale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale

    Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called fissility. [1] Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. [2] The term shale is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the narrower sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock. [3]

  3. Mudrock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrock

    Paleontologists can look at a specific area and determine salinity, water depth, water temperature, water turbidity, and sedimentation rates with the aid of type and abundance of fossils in mudrock One of the most famous mudrock formations is the Burgess Shale in Western Canada, which formed during the Cambrian. At this site, soft bodied ...

  4. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    Diatomite – Soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled; Dolomite (rock), also known as Dolostone – Sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite; Evaporite – Water-soluble mineral deposit formed by evaporation from an aqueous solution; Flint – Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz

  5. Underground soft-rock mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_soft-rock_mining

    Underground soft-rock mining is a group of underground mining techniques used to extract coal, oil shale, potash, and other minerals or geological materials from sedimentary ("soft") rocks. [1] Because deposits in sedimentary rocks are commonly layered and relatively less hard , the mining methods used differ from those used to mine deposits in ...

  6. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    calcareous Formed from or containing a high proportion of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite, used of a sediment, sedimentary rock, or soil type. calcite A mineral that is the crystalline form of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), showing trigonal symmetry and a great variety of mineral habits.

  7. Oil shale geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale_geology

    The oil shale is located in a single calcareous layer 2.5 to 3 metres (8.2 to 9.8 ft) in thickness and is buried at depths from 7 to 100 metres (23 to 328 ft). [6] The total area of the basin is about 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi). [1] Oil yield from Kukersite is 30 to 47%.

  8. Badlands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands

    The regolith profiles of badlands in arid climates are likely to resemble one another. In these regions, the upper layer (~1–5 cm or 0.4–2.0 in) is typically composed of silt, shale, and sand (a byproduct of the weathered shale). This layer can form either a compact crust or a looser, more irregular aggregation of "popcorn" fragments.

  9. Argillite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argillite

    The argillites grade into shale when the fissile layering typical of shale is developed. Another name for poorly lithified argillites is mudstone. [citation needed] These rocks, although variable in composition, are typically high in aluminium and silica with variable alkali and alkaline earth cations.