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A large urban microclimate does not only affect temperature, but also rainfall, snowfall, air pressure and wind, the concentration of polluted air, and how long that air remains in the city. [9] [10] [11] These climatological transformations increase selection pressure on species living in urban areas, driving evolutionary changes. [12]
Urban wildlife can be found at any latitude that supports human dwellings - the list of animals that will venture into urbanized human settlements to forage on horticultures or to scavenge from trash runs from monkeys in the tropics to polar bears in the Arctic. Different types of urban areas support different kinds of wildlife.
The study of urban ecology carries increasing importance because more than 50% of the world's population today lives in urban areas. [5] It is also estimated that within the next 40 years, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in expanding urban centers. [ 6 ]
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
Synurbization refers to the effects of urbanization on the adaptation of wildlife, and how animals that live in urban environments versus nature environments differ. [1] Urbanization, in terms of ecology, means developmental changes to the environment. These changes are often in benefit to humans.
Urban ecology is a relatively new field. Because of this, the research that has been done in this field has yet to become extensive. While there is still plenty of time for growth in the research of this field, there are some key issues and biases within the current research that still need to be addressed.
Urban gardens are often places that facilitate positive social interaction, which also contributes to overall social and emotional well-being. Urban agriculture sites have been noted as lowering crime rates generally in local neighborhoods. [82] Many gardens facilitate the improvement of social networks within the communities that they are located.
The Midwestern and Western United States became urban majority in the 1910s, while the Southern United States only became urban-majority after World War II, in the 1950s. [ 2 ] The Western U.S. is the most urbanized part of the country today, followed closely by the Northeastern United States.