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Leaves change color in the fall because their chromophores (chlorophyll molecules) break down and stop absorbing red and blue light. [1] A chromophore is a molecule which absorbs light at a particular wavelength and reflects color as a result. Chromophores are commonly referred to as colored molecules for this reason.
In organic chemistry, an auxochrome (from Ancient Greek αὐξάνω (auxanō) 'increase' and χρῶμα (chrōma) 'colour') is a group of atoms attached to a chromophore which modifies the ability of that chromophore to absorb light.
Little light reaches algae that reside at a depth of one meter or more in seawater, as light is absorbed by seawater. The pigments, such as phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin, are the chromophores that bind through a covalent thioether bond to their apoproteins at cystein residues. The apoprotein with its chromophore is called phycocyanin ...
Chromatophores in the skin of a squid. Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.
Reaction centers are present in all green plants, algae, and many bacteria.A variety in light-harvesting complexes exist across the photosynthetic species. Green plants and algae have two different types of reaction centers that are part of larger supercomplexes known as P700 in Photosystem I and P680 in Photosystem II.
Like all phycobiliproteins, it is composed of a protein part covalently binding chromophores called phycobilins. In the phycoerythrin family, the most known phycobilins are: phycoerythrobilin, the typical phycoerythrin acceptor chromophore. Phycoerythrobilin is a linear tetrapyrrole molecule found in cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptomonads.
Oat phytochrome absorption spectrum (Devlin, 1969). Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi.They respond to light in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum and can be classed as either Type I, which are activated by far-red light, or Type II that are activated by red light. [2]
In a reactive dye, a chromophore (an atom or group whose presence is responsible for the colour of a compound) contains a substituent that reacts with the substrate. Reactive dyes have good fastness properties owing to the covalent bonding that occurs during dyeing.