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Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Risperidone seems to produce somewhat more extrapyramidal side effects and clearly more prolactin increase than other atypical antipsychotics. It may also differ from other compounds in the occurrence of other adverse effects such as weight gain, metabolic problems, cardiac effects, sedation, and seizures.
Perospirone † – Has a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects than other atypical antipsychotics. [165] Risperidone (Risperdal) – Divided dosing is recommended until initial titration is completed, at which time the drug can be administered once daily. Used off-label to treat Tourette syndrome and anxiety disorder.
These agents are associated with fewer neuromotor side effects and a lower risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. [ 37 ] Studies have tested the use of melatonin , high dosage vitamins , and different antioxidants in concurrence with antipsychotic drugs (often used to treat schizophrenia ) as a way of preventing and treating tardive dyskinesia.
Has a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects than the other atypical antipsychotics, but still less than that seen with typical antipsychotics. [ 1 ] [ 10 ] A trend was observed in a clinical trial comparing mosapramine with perospirone that favoured perospirone for producing less prominent extrapyramidal side effects than mosapramine ...