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Critical temperature T c, the temperature below which the wire becomes a superconductor; Critical current density J c, the maximum current a superconducting wire can carry per unit cross-sectional area (see images below for examples with 20 kA/cm 2). Superconducting wires/tapes/cables usually consist of two key features:
Substance Class T C (K) H C (T) Type BCS References Al: Element 1.20 0.01 I yes [1] [2] [3]Bi: Element 5.3 × 10 −4: 5.2 × 10 −6: I no [note 1] [4]Cd: Element 0.52 0.0028 I yes [2] [3]Diamond:B
The use of larger gauge stranded aluminum wire (larger than #8 AWG) is fairly common in much of North America for modern residential construction. Aluminum wire is used in residential applications for lower voltage service feeders from the utility to the building. This is installed with materials and methods as specified by the local electrical ...
For example, YBCO and BSCCO can alternatively be referred to as "Y123" and Bi2201/Bi2212/Bi2223 depending on the number of layers in each superconducting block (n). The superconducting transition temperature has been found to peak at an optimal doping value (p =0.16) and an optimal number of layers in each superconducting block, typically n =3.
Aluminum is widely used for making superconducting tunnel junctions because of its unique ability to form a very thin (2–3 nm) insulating oxide layer with no defects that short-circuit the insulating layer. The superconducting critical temperature of aluminum is approximately 1.2 K.
High-temperature superconductors (HTS) become superconducting at more easily obtainable liquid nitrogen temperatures, which is much more economical than liquid helium that is typically used in low-temperature superconductors. HTS are ceramics, and are fragile relative to conventional metal alloy superconductors such as niobium-titanium.
The unit cell of high-temperature cuprate superconductor BSCCO-2212. Cuprates are layered materials, consisting of superconducting planes of copper oxide, separated by layers containing ions such as lanthanum, barium, strontium, which act as a charge reservoir, doping electrons or holes into the copper-oxide planes.
The critical current of HTSC wire is lower than LTSC wire generally in the operating magnetic field, about 5 to 10 teslas (T). Assume the wire costs are the same by weight. Because HTSC wire has lower (J c) value than LTSC wire, it will take much more wire to create the same inductance. Therefore, the cost of wire is much higher than LTSC wire.