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Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water [1] and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis ...
Some of the earliest pottery shards have been dated to around 14,000 BCE, [7] and clay tablets were the first known writing medium. [8] Clay is used in many modern industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Between one-half and two-thirds of the world's population live or work in buildings made with ...
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian ṭuppu(m) 𒁾) [1] were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age. Cuneiform characters were imprinted on a wet clay tablet with a stylus often made of reed . Once written upon, many tablets were dried in the sun or air ...
There have been other similar discoveries in the region, including another cuneiform tablet that details the purchase of an entire city (and, presumably, the furniture in it), which was uncovered ...
Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite group, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has two tetrahedral sheets of silica sandwiching a central octahedral sheet of alumina. The particles are plate-shaped with an average diameter around 1 μm and a thickness of 0.96 nm ; magnification of about 25,000 times, using an electron microscope, is required ...
The type of clay that is formed is a function of the parent material and the composition of the minerals in solution. [13] Clay minerals continue to be formed as long as the soil exists. [14] Mica-based clays result from a modification of the primary mica mineral in such a way that it behaves and is classed as a clay. [15]
The clay tablets became part of the British Museum’s collection between 1892 and 1914, according to LiveScience, but they had not been fully translated and published until now.
Archaeologists found a 3,500-year-old tablet inscribed with a massive furniture order in cuneiform writing. The artifact surfaced after earthquakes occurred in Turkey.