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Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis). [3] Infected individuals who experience symptoms (about 10% have no symptoms) may have diarrhea , abdominal pain , and weight loss . [ 1 ]
This disease is the cause of both endemic and epidemic disease worldwide and is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and Canada. [ citation needed ] An infected individual can excrete between 1 million and 1 billion cysts daily, and the infectious dose can be as low as 10 cysts.
Giardia (/ dʒ iː ˈ ɑːr d i ə / or / ˈ dʒ ɑːr d i ə /) is a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum Metamonada that colonise and reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates, causing the disease giardiasis. Their life cycle alternates between a swimming trophozoite and an infective, resistant cyst.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
Paromomycin is an antimicrobial used to treat a number of parasitic infections including amebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, and tapeworm infection. [3] It is a first-line treatment for amebiasis or giardiasis during pregnancy. [3] Otherwise, it is generally a second line treatment option. [3]
Celiac disease, giardiasis, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, bile acid malabsorption, colon cancer [7] [8] Treatment: Symptomatic (dietary changes, medication, human milk oligosaccharides, probiotics, counseling) [9] Prognosis: Normal life expectancy [10] Frequency
Nitazoxanide alone has shown preliminary evidence of efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B over a one-year course of therapy. [17] Nitazoxanide 500 mg twice daily resulted in a decrease in serum HBV DNA in all of 4 HBeAg-positive patients, with undetectable HBV DNA in 2 of 4 patients, loss of HBeAg in 3 patients, and loss of HBsAg in one patient.
Giardiasis with a high level of drug resistance may even require a combination of mepacrine and metronidazole to cure. [2] Mepacrine is also used off-label for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, [3] indicated in the treatment of discoid and subcutaneous lupus manifestations, particularly in patients who are unable to take ...