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Table 1: Kent's "words of estimative probability" [2] Certain 100% Give or take 0% The general area of possibility: Almost certain 93% Give or take about 6% Probable 75% Give or take about 12% Chances about even 50% Give or take about 10% Probably not 30% Give or take about 10% Almost certainly not 7% Give or take about 5% Impossible 0 Give or ...
The birthday problem in this more generic sense applies to hash functions: the expected number of N-bit hashes that can be generated before getting a collision is not 2 N, but rather only 2 N ⁄ 2. This is exploited by birthday attacks on cryptographic hash functions and is the reason why a small number of collisions in a hash table are, for ...
An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of event A taking place in the presence of B, and the odds of A in the absence of B. Due to symmetry, odds ratio reciprocally calculates the ratio of the odds of B occurring in the presence of A, and the odds of B in the absence of A.
The odds of winning are 302,575,350 to 1 — or about 300 times less likely than getting struck by lightning. ... Why getting eaten by a shark is more likely than winning the more than $1 billion ...
The latter proposition may remain valid, even if it is certain that some instances of the generalisation are false. It is more likely than not, for example, that any number will be divisible either by two or by three, but it is not more likely than not that all numbers are divisible either by two or by three.
CNN polling guru Harry Enten said he believes a sweep of the main battleground states in the presidential election is “more likely than not,” even as polls show all seven of the big swing ...
For instance, if X is used to denote the outcome of a coin toss ("the experiment"), then the probability distribution of X would take the value 0.5 (1 in 2 or 1/2) for X = heads, and 0.5 for X = tails (assuming that the coin is fair). More commonly, probability distributions are used to compare the relative occurrence of many different random ...
The second of five storms that will slam the eastern half of the United States with snow and ice over a two week period is on the way – and this one has more snow than the first. Not 1. Not 2.