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contact with infected rodent saliva, feces, urine, or bites Severe acute respiratory syndrome: SARS coronavirus: bats, civets close contact, respiratory droplets 2002–04 SARS outbreak; China. Sindbis fever: Sindbis virus: birds mosquito bite Smallpox: Variola virus: possibly monkeys and horses spread from person to person quickly
Rodent borne disease can be transmitted through different forms of contact such as rodent bites, scratches, urine, saliva, etc. [6] Potential sites of contact with rodents include habitats such as barns, outbuildings, sheds, and dense urban areas. Transmission of disease through rodents can be spread to humans through direct handling and ...
Transmission occurs mainly through inhalation of aerosols that contain rodent saliva, urine, or feces, but can also occur through contaminated food, bites, and scratches. Vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are the primary cells infected by hantaviruses, and infection causes abnormalities with blood clotting , all of which results in ...
Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from non-humans to humans through media such as air (influenza) or bites and saliva (rabies). [13] In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting ...
While usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpesvirus family, [3] a few other viruses [3] and the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii [7] may also cause the disease. It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood. [2]
Since the infected individual cannot swallow saliva and water, the virus has a much higher chance of being transmitted, because it multiplies and accumulates in the salivary glands and is transmitted through biting. [26] Hydrophobia is commonly associated with furious rabies, which affects 80% of rabies-infected people.
Human malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the Plasmodium group. [10] It is spread exclusively through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. [10] [12] The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. [3] The parasites travel to the liver, where they mature and reproduce. [1]
HFRS is mainly caused by hantaviruses in Africa, Asia, and Europe, called Old World hantaviruses, and HPS is usually caused by hantaviruses in the Americas, called New World hantaviruses. Hantaviruses are transmitted mainly through aerosols and droplets that contain rodent excretions, as well as through contaminated food, bites, and scratches ...