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Some infectious diseases can be spread via respiratory droplets expelled from the mouth and nose, as when a person sneezes. A respiratory droplet is a small aqueous droplet produced by exhalation, consisting of saliva or mucus and other matter derived from respiratory tract surfaces. Respiratory droplets are produced naturally as a result of ...
Transmission occurs mainly through inhalation of aerosols that contain rodent saliva, urine, or feces, but can also occur through contaminated food, bites, and scratches. Vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are the primary cells infected by hantaviruses, and infection causes abnormalities with blood clotting , all of which results in ...
While usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpesvirus family, [3] a few other viruses [3] and the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii [7] may also cause the disease. It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood. [2]
Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from non-humans to humans through media such as air (influenza) or bites and saliva (rabies). [13] In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting ...
The most common disease derived from parvovirus B19 is fifth disease. This disease is spread in close contact through respiratory droplets, which can be from the nose, mouth, or direct contact with an infected person. [7] Fifth disease is most commonly spread in the winter and spring seasons in children aged six to fourteen years old.
In the modern-day, the term has sometimes been broadened to encompass any communicable or infectious disease. Often the word can only be understood in context, where it is used to emphasize very infectious, easily transmitted, or especially severe communicable diseases. In 1849, John Snow first proposed that cholera was a contagious disease.
Since the infected individual cannot swallow saliva and water, the virus has a much higher chance of being transmitted, because it multiplies and accumulates in the salivary glands and is transmitted through biting. [26] Hydrophobia is commonly associated with furious rabies, which affects 80% of rabies-infected people.
It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and oral sex. [16] Historically HSV-2 was primarily a sexually transmitted infection, but rates of HSV-1 genital infections have been increasing for the last few decades. [14] Both viruses may also be transmitted vertically during natural childbirth.