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The stress concentration factor, , is the ratio of the highest stress to a nominal stress of the gross cross-section and defined as [3] = Note that the dimensionless stress concentration factor is a function of the geometry shape and independent of its size. [4]
In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor (K) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. [1] It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle ...
This would be considered a stress singularity, which is not possible in real-world applications. For this reason, in numerical studies in the field of fracture mechanics, it is often appropriate to represent cracks as round tipped notches, with a geometry dependent region of stress concentration replacing the crack-tip singularity. [9]
The critical value of stress intensity factor in mode I loading measured under plane strain conditions is known as the plane strain fracture toughness, denoted . [1] When a test fails to meet the thickness and other test requirements that are in place to ensure plane strain conditions, the fracture toughness value produced is given the ...
This plot demonstrates that an intuitive approximation for the Lode angle is the relative position of the middle principal stress with respect to the low and high principal stresses. The Lode angle can be considered, rather loosely, a measure of loading type.
For all notch types, a key parameter in governing stress concentration and failure in notched materials is the notch tip curvature or radius. [ 1 ] Sharp tipped V-shaped notches are often used in standard fracture toughness testing for ductile materials, polymers and for the characterization of weld strength.
Stress components on a 2D rotating element. Click to see animation. Example of how stress components vary on the faces (edges) of a rectangular element as the angle of its orientation is varied. Principal stresses occur when the shear stresses simultaneously disappear from all faces. The orientation at which this occurs gives the principal ...
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. The stress distribution can be obtained from known theoretical [ 1 ] or numerical ( Finite element method ) analysis. The researcher who builds up the force lines can choose a magnitude of the internal force and the initial border where the drawing procedure starts.