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Viruses are among the biggest threats to humanity, with the current pandemic showing how these pathogens can shut down countries, halt entire industries and cause untold human suffering as they ...
Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses.It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they ...
That it became infectious to humans through escape from a laboratory where it was being studied is a minority position. The available evidence supports zoonosis. [43] [18] Although the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not definitively known, arguments used in support of a laboratory leak are characteristic of conspiratorial thinking. [18]
Some viruses can "hide" within a cell, which may mean that they evade the host cell defenses or immune system and may increase the long-term "success" of the virus. This hiding is deemed latency. During this time, the virus does not produce any progeny, it remains inactive until external stimuli—such as light or stress—prompts it to activate.
The average virus is about 1/100 the size of the average bacterium, and most are too small to be seen directly with an optical microscope. The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids, others from bacteria. Viruses are sometimes considered to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce and evolve ...
Whether or not viruses should be considered as alive is controversial. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] They are most often considered as just gene coding replicators rather than forms of life. [ 37 ] They have been described as "organisms at the edge of life" [ 38 ] because they possess genes , evolve by natural selection, [ 39 ] [ 40 ] and replicate by making ...
The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh in March 2020. The first three known cases were reported on 8 March 2020 by the country's epidemiology institute, IEDCR . Since then, the pandemic has spread day by day over the whole nation and the number of affected people has been increasing.
The first edition in 1985 was called Virology, but from the second edition, the book's title was changed to Fields Virology. The book is widely regarded as an influential work on the subject and is cited as the bible of virology by many virologists. [1] Fields was the senior editor for the first three editions of the textbook. [2]