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Microcephalin (MCPH1) is a gene that is expressed during fetal brain development. Certain mutations in MCPH1 , when homozygous , cause primary microcephaly —a severely diminished brain . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Hence, it has been assumed that variants have a role in brain development.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases that are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; [1] other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily. [2]
In the mitochondrion, the matrix is the space within the inner membrane. The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm. The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, soluble enzymes, small organic molecules, nucleotide cofactors, and inorganic ions. [1]
Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. [8] Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.
Neutrophil collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) or PMNL collagenase (MNL-CL), is a collagen cleaving enzyme which is present in the connective tissue of most mammals. [5] In humans, the MMP-8 protein is encoded by the MMP8 gene. [6] [7] The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [5]
In biology, matrix (pl.: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between a eukaryotic organism's cells. The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix . Fingernails and toenails grow from matrices.
A matricellular protein is a dynamically expressed non-structural protein that is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). [1] [2] Rather than serving as stable structural elements in the ECM, these proteins are rapidly turned over and have regulatory roles. They characteristically contain binding sites for ECM structural proteins and cell ...
Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein, also known as abnormal spindle protein homolog or Asp homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASPM gene. [5] ASPM is located on chromosome 1, band q31 (1q31). [6] The ASPM gene contains 28 exons and codes for a 3477 amino-acid-long protein. [6]