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NatureWorks LLC is an international company that manufactures bioplastics—polymers derived entirely from plant resources—as an alternative to conventional plastic, which is made from petroleum. The commercial quality polymer is made from the carbon found in simple plant sugars such as corn starch to create a proprietary polylactic acid ...
Thiokol was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals, and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems. Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur (Greek: θεῖον, romanized: theion) and glue (Greek: κόλλα, romanized: kolla), an allusion to the company's initial product, Thiokol polymer.
Polyethylene, the most-produced synthetic polymer, is produced industrially by the polymerization of ethylene: n C 2 H 4 → (C 2 H 4) n. Although exergonic (i.e., thermodynamically favorable), the reaction requires catalysts.
In industry, the improvement of the PBS synthesis allowed the large scale production of this polymer. The Japanese company Showa High Polymer, built in 1993 a semi-commercial plant able to produce 3,000 tons of polymer per year. [ 13 ]
This synthetic method was first used in the lab and later developed into a two step process. In a typical synthesis, starting materials were heated at 270 °C (518 °F) for 1.5 h to form the PBI prepolymer and later the prepolymer was heated at 360 °C (680 °F) for another 1 h to form the final commercial-grade product.
AMPS is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water. [2] The recent patent literature [3] describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.
The total number of radicals delivered to the system by the initiator during the course of the polymerization is low compared to the number of RAFT agent molecules, meaning that the R group initiated polymer chains from the re-initiation step form the majority of the chains in the system, rather than initiator fragment bearing chains formed in ...
Ems-Chemie is represented in 22 countries and produces at 26 production sites in 16 countries, with the main location in Domat/Ems. [2] In 2013, the Group's production focus was in Europe (Switzerland 46.2%, Germany 12.2%), followed by the USA (9.2%) and Asia (China 7.3%, Japan 6.6%).