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fossil water – groundwater that has remained in an aquifer for thousands or millions of years; when geologic changes seal the aquifer preventing further replenishment, the water becomes trapped inside and is then referred to as fossil water. Fossil water is a limited resource and can only be used once.
A food web depicting the energy flow from photoautotrophs through detritivores and decomposers. detritivore A heterotrophic organism which feeds primarily on detritus – decomposing bits of organic matter, such as plant litter. disturbance A temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced and longer-lasting change in an ...
Food web showing the flow of carbon in the open ocean In most open ocean ecosystems only a small fraction of organic matter reaches the seafloor. Biological activity in the photic zone of most water bodies tends to recycle material so well that only a small fraction of organic matter ever sinks out of that top photosynthetic layer.
Food chain energetics – where the substance's concentration increases progressively as it moves up a food chain. Low or non-existent rate of internal degradation or excretion of the substance – mainly due to water-insolubility. Biomagnification is the buildup of concentration of a substance (x) in a food chain.
Photosynthesis changes sunlight into chemical energy, splits water to liberate O 2, and fixes CO 2 into sugar. Most photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs , which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light.
Quantitative chemical analysis is a key part of environmental chemistry, since it provides the data that frame most environmental studies. [ 11 ] Common analytical techniques used for quantitative determinations in environmental chemistry include classical wet chemistry, such as gravimetric , titrimetric and electrochemical methods.
The red arrows (and associated numbers) indicate the annual flux changes due to anthropogenic activities, averaged over the 2000–2009 time period. They represent how the carbon cycle has changed since 1750. Red numbers in the reservoirs represent the cumulative changes in anthropogenic carbon since the start of the Industrial Period, 1750–2011.
Nitrates in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome in infants and can react with chemicals used to treat water to create disinfection by-products in drinking water. [51] Getting direct contact with toxic algae through swimming or drinking can cause rashes, stomach or liver illness, and respiratory or neurological problems .