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The Coleman–Liau index is calculated with the following formula: = L is the average number of letters per 100 words and S is the average number of sentences per 100 words. Note that the multiplication operator is often omitted (as is common practice in mathematical formulas when it is clear that multiplication is implied).
&name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...
The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. [1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. [1]
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
In the code charts for the Unicode Standard, the reserved code points corresponding to the pink cell are annotated with the name and code point of the correct character. [5] There are a few characters which have names that suggest that they should belong in the tables below, but in fact do not because their official character names are misnomers:
Historically, upper-case letters were used for representing points in geometry, and lower-case letters were used for variables and constants. Letters are used for representing many other types of mathematical object. As the number of these types has increased, the Greek alphabet and some Hebrew letters have also come to be used
The type of average taken as most typically representative of a list of numbers is the arithmetic mean – the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list. For example, the mean or average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 (summing to 25) is 5.