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Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon [note 1] (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης Τρύφων, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs Tryphōn, "Ptolemy the Benefactor, the Opulent"; c. 184 BC – 28 June 116 BC), nicknamed Physcon (Φύσκων, Physkōn, "Fatty"), was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. [3]
After Ptolemy VI's death a series of civil wars and feuds between the members of the Ptolemaic dynasty started and lasted for over a century. Philometor was succeeded by yet another infant, his son Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator. But Physcon soon returned, killed his young nephew, seized the throne and as Ptolemy VIII soon proved himself a cruel ...
In the early 1820s Champollion compared Ptolemy's cartouche with others and realised the hieroglyphic script was a mixture of phonetic and ideographic elements. His claims were initially met with scepticism and with accusations that he had taken ideas from Young without giving credit, but they gradually gained acceptance.
The notion that Ptolemy Neos Philopator was the surviving son of Ptolemy VI Philometor and reigned in 145 BC, combined with his listing in the dynastic cult (in order of death and deification, not reign) before Ptolemy Euergetes Physcon, led to the numbering Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes Physcon.
Ptolemy VIII Physcon (Kg. 170–163 BC, 145–116 BC) Eirene: Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator: Cleopatra III (Qn, 116–101 BC) Ptolemy Memphites: Ptolemy Apion: Cleopatra IV: Ptolemy IX Lathyros (Kg. 116–107 BC, as Soter II 88–81 BC) Cleopatra Selene: Ptolemy X Alexander I (Kg. 107–88 BC) Ptolemy XII Auletes (Kg. 80–58 BC, 55–51 BC ...
The inscriptions on the base record a petition by the Egyptian priests at Philae and the favourable response by Ptolemy VIII Euergetes and queens Cleopatra II and Cleopatra III, who reigned together from 144-132 BC and again from 126-116 BC. The priests complained about the financial burden resulting from the large numbers of royal ...
Cleopatra VII (51–30 BC) ruled alongside her brother–husband Ptolemy XIII, her second brother–husband Ptolemy XIV and her son Ptolemy XV. Evidence of co–rulership in early dynasty is ambiguous. List of Ptolemaic queens who could be co–rulers with their husband includes:
Pharaoh Ptolemy VIII between the goddesses Wadjet (symbolizing lower Egypt) and Nekhbet (symbolizing upper Egypt). Bas-relief on wall of Temple of Edfu, Egypt Ring of Ptolemy VI Philometor wearing the Pschent Double Crown, 3rd to 2nd Century BC.