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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text date to c. 1500 BC, [1] while the oldest known manuscripts date to c. 1040 AD. [2] Similarly the oldest Avestan texts, the Gathas, are believed to have been composed before 1000 BC, but the oldest Avestan manuscripts date from the 13th century AD. [3]
Spitzer Manuscript folio 383 fragment. This Buddhist Sanskrit text was written on both sides of the palm leaf (recto and verso). [1] The Spitzer Manuscript is the oldest surviving philosophical manuscript in Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit, [2] [3] and possibly the oldest discovered Buddhist Sanskrit manuscript of any type related to Buddhism.
The Codex Sinaiticus (/ s ɪ ˈ n aɪ t ɪ k ə s /; [1] Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), also called the Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonical books, and the Greek New Testament, with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included.
The Basmala as written on the Birmingham muṣḥaf manuscript, the oldest surviving copy of the Qur'an. Rasm: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم". The Mingana Collection, comprising over 3,000 documents, was collected by Alphonse Mingana over three trips to the Middle East in the 1920s [3] and was funded by Edward Cadbury, a philanthropist and businessman of the Birmingham-based ...
This article cites its sources but its page reference ranges are too broad or incorrect. Please help in adding a more precise page range. (July 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Survey of eight prominent scripts (left to right, top to bottom): Sumerian cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese characters, Maya script, Devanagari, Latin alphabet, Arabic alphabet, Braille Part of ...
The oldest surviving manuscripts have been discovered in Nepal and date to c. 1040 CE. [3] [78] According to Witzel, the Paippalada Samhita tradition points to written manuscripts c. 800 –1000 CE. [79] The Upanishads were likely in the written form earlier, about mid-1st millennium CE (Gupta Empire period).
Codex Gigas, the largest manuscript of the World, 13th century; Codex Sinaiticus, 4th century; Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209, 4th century; Codex Bezae, 5th century; Codex Washingtonianus, 4th or 5th century; Dead Sea scrolls; Freising manuscripts, 10th century; The Garland of Howth, late 9th to early 10th centuries; Gospels of Tsar Ivan ...