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The war followed on from the First Opium War. In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking granted an indemnity and extraterritoriality to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, and the cession of Hong Kong Island. The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War (1856–1860). [11]
France and Britain had just dispatched a joint military expedition to the Qing Empire as part of the Second Opium War, and the French had troops to hand with which to intervene in Vietnam. In November 1857, the French emperor Napoleon III authorized Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly to launch a punitive expedition to teach the Vietnamese a ...
Admiral Pierre-Louis-Charles Rigault de Genouilly (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ʁiɡo də ʒənuji], 12 April 1807 – 4 May 1873) was a French naval officer.He fought with distinction in the Crimean War and the Second Opium War, but is chiefly remembered today for his command of French and Spanish forces during the opening phase of the Cochinchina campaign (1858–62), which inaugurated the ...
The war resulted in the 1858 Treaty of Tientsin (Tianjin), in which the Chinese government agreed to pay war reparations for the expenses of the recent conflict, open a second group of ten ports to European commerce, legalize the opium trade, and grant foreign traders and missionaries rights to travel within China.
The French conquest of Vietnam 1 (1858–1885) was a series of military expeditions that pitted the Second French Empire, later the French Third Republic, against the Vietnamese empire of Đại Nam in the mid-late 19th century.
During the 1840s, persecution or harassment of Catholic missionaries in Vietnam by the Vietnamese emperors Minh Mạng and Thiệu Trị evoked only sporadic and unofficial French response and decisive steps towards military incursions and an eventual establishment of a French colonial empire in Indochina was not taken until 1858.
In 1857–1858, she was the flagship of Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly during the Second Opium War, [2] and in Vietnam at the Siege of Đà Nẵng. [3] In 1857, she ran aground in the Bangka Strait. [4] She was used for harbour service at Lorient in 1866, and was scrapped in 1889.
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