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Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.
e is the elementary charge (approximately 1.6 × 10 −19 C) B is the magnetic field (in teslas) m e is the electron mass (approximately 9.1 × 10 −31 kg). The Hall parameter value increases with the magnetic field strength. Physically, the trajectories of electrons are curved by the Lorentz force.
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other. Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism .
Painting of Hendrik Lorentz by Menso Kamerlingh Onnes, 1916 Portrait by Jan Veth Lorentz' theory of electrons. Formulas for the Lorentz force (I) and the Maxwell equations for the divergence of the electrical field E (II) and the magnetic field B (III), La théorie electromagnétique de Maxwell et son application aux corps mouvants, 1892, p. 451.
The nuclear magnetism of a magnetic isotope such as 13 C or 17 O will contribute to the molecule's magnetic moment. The dihydrogen molecule, H 2, in a weak (or zero) magnetic field exhibits nuclear magnetism, and can be in a para-or an ortho-nuclear spin configuration. Many transition metal complexes are magnetic.
Energizing a 10 kilogauss magnet around the flame he observed a slight broadening of the sodium images. [1]: 76 When Zeeman switched to cadmium as the source he observed the images split when the magnet was energized. These splittings could be analyzed with Hendrik Lorentz's then-new electron theory. In retrospect we now know that the magnetic ...
Magnetic levitation can be stabilised using different techniques; here rotation (spin) is used. Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.
Magnetostriction is a property of magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.The variation of materials' magnetization due to the applied magnetic field changes the magnetostrictive strain until reaching its saturation value, λ.