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Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. Examples of active transport include the uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants. [1]
1 fadh 2 : 6 h + : 6/4 atp = 1 fadh 2 : 1.5 atp ATP : NADH+H + coming from glycolysis ratio during the oxidative phosphorylation is 1.5, as for FADH 2 , if hydrogen atoms (2H + +2e − ) are transferred from cytosolic NADH+H + to mitochondrial FAD by the glycerol phosphate shuttle located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Interactive animation of the structure of ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate [2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H +) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis. An ion gradient has potential energy and can be used to power chemical reactions when the ions pass through a channel (red).
It occurs in ten steps and proves that phosphorylation is a much required and necessary step to attain the end products. Phosphorylation initiates the reaction in step 1 of the preparatory step [ 5 ] (first half of glycolysis), and initiates step 6 of payoff phase (second phase of glycolysis).
Active transport is the movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient. This is usually to accumulate high concentrations of molecules that a cell needs, such as glucose or amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it is called primary active transport.
Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
In plants, ATP synthase is also present in chloroplasts (CF 1 F O-ATP synthase). The enzyme is integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF 1-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place. The overall structure and the catalytic ...