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Its use is advised against in people being concomitantly treated with: [13] [3] [5] [6] [21] [22] ACE inhibitors like captopril , enalapril , lisinopril , perindopril , and ramipril due to the potential for additive hyperkalaemic effects [ 5 ]
However, the half-life of the drug noticeably increases in people with creatinine clearance rates equal to or less than 30 mL/minute. A half-life of 22–50 hours has been reported for people with creatinine clearances of less than 10 mL/minute. [11] Metabolism. Sulfamethoxazole is metabolized in the human liver to at least 5 metabolites.
The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). [6] It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED 50, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of ...
They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 μm), non-encapsulated, non-motile, [4] facultatively intracellular coccobacilli. Brucella spp. are the cause of brucellosis , which is a zoonosis transmitted by ingesting contaminated food (such as unpasteurized milk products), direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
Brucellosis [4] is a zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. [5] It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever. [6] The bacteria causing this disease, Brucella, are small, Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (coccobacilli ...
Simple illustration of the effects of excess antigen and dosage response curve. Examples include high levels of syphilis antibodies in HIV patients or high levels of cryptococcal antigen leading to false negative tests in undiluted samples. [7] [8] This phenomenon is also seen in serological tests for Brucellosis.
The use of TMP/SMX also raises concerns in patients with kidney disease. In patients with creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min, the urine concentrations of SMX may decrease to subtherapeutic levels. Therefore, in patients with low creatinine clearance, it is recommended to prescribe a reduced dosage of TMP alone. [30]
Other studies, however, have found fixed-dose combinations to be useful for this purpose. [2] References This page was last edited on 26 September ...
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