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Optical mapping [1] is a technique for constructing ordered, genome-wide, high-resolution restriction maps from single, stained molecules of DNA, called "optical maps". By mapping the location of restriction enzyme sites along the unknown DNA of an organism, the spectrum of resulting DNA fragments collectively serves as a unique "fingerprint" or "barcode" for that sequence.
Structure field maps (SFMs) or structure maps are visualizations of the relationship between ionic radii and crystal structures for representing classes of materials. [1] The SFM and its extensions has found broad applications in geochemistry , mineralogy , chemical synthesis of materials, and nowadays in materials informatics .
Cheminformatics has been an active field in various guises since the 1970s and earlier, with activity in academic departments and commercial pharmaceutical research and development departments. [ 2 ] [ page needed ] [ citation needed ] The term chemoinformatics was defined in its application to drug discovery by F.K. Brown in 1998: [ 3 ]
In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Identification and characterization of antibody binding sites aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics , vaccines , and diagnostics .
Long-range restriction mapping is an alternative genomic mapping technique to short-range, also called fine-scale mapping. Both forms utilize restriction enzymes in order to decipher the previously unknown order of DNA segments; the main difference between the two being the amount of DNA that comprises the final map.
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. [1] The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry, drug design, computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies.
Map of the human X chromosome (from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website) Bioinformatics (/ ˌ b aɪ. oʊ ˌ ɪ n f ər ˈ m æ t ɪ k s / ⓘ) is an interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, especially when the data
Since then, the theoretical underpinnings have matured to allow widespread use of the technique in chemistry, biology and materials science. Spatially resolved electrochemical signals can be acquired by measuring the current at an ultramicroelectrode (UME) tip as a function of precise tip position over a substrate region of interest.