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The name "Outer Mongolia" is contrasted with Inner Mongolia, [1] which corresponds to the region of Inner Mongolia in China. Inner Mongolia was given its name because it was more directly administered by the Qing court; Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) had a greater degree of autonomy within the Qing empire.
Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian Plateau, including the four Outer Mongolian aimags (a.k.a. "leagues") and the six Inner Mongolian aimags from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty.
The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats, [2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces. [3]
Following the Russian Revolution of October 1917, China revived its claims to Outer Mongolia, aiming at its conversion into a common Chinese province. In late 1919, the Chinese general Xu Shuzheng occupied Urga after suspicious deaths of Mongolian patriotic nobles and forced the Bogd Khaan and the leading nobles to sign a document renouncing ...
Map of Inner Mongolia khoshuu during Qing rule. Inner Mongolia's [2] original 24 aimags (ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ) were replaced by 49 banners (khoshuu s) that would later be organized into six leagues (chuulgans, assemblies). The eight Chakhar banners and the two Tümed banners around Guihua were directly administered by the Manchu. Jirim League
A 1944 map of China Proper, Manchuria (Northeast China), Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), Sinkiang , and Tibet from the War Information Office propaganda film Why We Fight: The Battle of China. The outer borders include several areas claimed by the Republic of China. The concept of "China proper" also appeared before this 1795 book.
From 1691, the Mongols were ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China, during which northern and southern Mongolia became known as Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, respectively. The Qing dynasty promoted Tibetan Buddhism and built monasteries, which grew rich and powerful. Its administrators also impoverished and oppressed the Mongols ...
Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty under the Bogd Khan. 29 December: The Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia was proclaimed and Bogd Khan enthroned. 1912: 3 November: The Russian Empire recognized Mongolian independence and the rule of Bogd Khan. 1913: 11 November: Mongolia and Tibet concluded treaty on mutual recognition and ...