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The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African, Asian–Australian, the North American, and South American monsoons. The term was first used in English in British India and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.
The African humid period was caused by a stronger West African Monsoon [125] directed by changes in solar irradiance and in albedo feedbacks. [17] These led to increased moisture import from both the equatorial Atlantic into West Africa, as well as from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea towards the Mediterranean coasts of Africa. [126]
Buran (a wind which blows across eastern Asia. It is also known as Purga when over the tundra); Karakaze (strong cold mountain wind from Gunma Prefecture in Japan); East Asian Monsoon, known in China and Taiwan as meiyu (梅雨), in Korea as jangma (), and in Japan as tsuyu (梅雨) when advancing northwards in the spring and shurin (秋霖) when retreating southwards in autumn.
Rainfall north of the equator in Africa typically increases from July through September as the West African Monsoon kicks into gear. ... normal conditions in the wet portions of West and Central ...
In doing so, they leave East Africa unusually dry for its latitude. [19] Low-level southwesterlies emanating from the Gulf of Guinea are the key moisture source for the West African monsoon in northern hemisphere summer. [20] The Tropical Easterly Jet, which forms high up in the atmosphere, 15–17 km above the surface, is another important factor.
In some countries in West Africa, the heavy amount of dust in the air can severely limit visibility and block the sun for several days, [8] comparable to a heavy fog. This effect is known as the Harmattan haze. It costs airlines millions of dollars in cancelled and diverted flights each year. [9] [10] When the haze is weak, the skies are clear ...
A study from 2022 concluded: "Clearly the existence of a future tipping threshold for the WAM (West African Monsoon) and Sahel remains uncertain as does its sign but given multiple past abrupt shifts, known weaknesses in current models, and huge regional impacts but modest global climate feedback, we retain the Sahel/WAM as a potential regional ...
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