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  2. Textual entailment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_entailment

    hypothesis: Giving money to a poor man has good consequences. An example of a negative TE (text contradicts hypothesis) is: text: If you help the needy, God will reward you. hypothesis: Giving money to a poor man has no consequences. An example of a non-TE (text does not entail nor contradict) is: text: If you help the needy, God will reward you.

  3. Type III error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_III_error

    In the 2009 book Dirty rotten strategies by Ian I. Mitroff and Abraham Silvers described type III and type IV errors providing many examples of both developing good answers to the wrong questions (III) and deliberately selecting the wrong questions for intensive and skilled investigation (IV). Most of the examples have nothing to do with ...

  4. Unidirectionality hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidirectionality_hypothesis

    The hypothesis is not universally applicable, with some rare counterexamples appearing in unusual circumstances. The unidirectionality hypothesis does not claim that linguistic change will occur in any particular instance, only that if it does occur, it will be in the direction of lexical word to grammatical word and not the other way around.

  5. Bi-directional hypothesis of language and action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-directional_hypothesis...

    For example, when the movement implied by the action language stimuli is compatible with the movement being performed by the subject, it was hypothesized that performance of both tasks would be enhanced. [1] Neural evidence of the bi-directional hypothesis was demonstrated by this study, [1] and the development of this hypothesis is ongoing.

  6. Scientific literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature

    Scientific papers have been categorised into ten types. Eight of these carry specific objectives, while the other two can vary depending on the style and the intended goal. [4] Papers that carry specific objectives are: [4] An original article provides new information from original research supported by evidence.

  7. Research design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

    The choice of how to group participants depends on the research hypothesis and on how the participants are sampled.In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant ...

  8. IMRAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRAD

    Fig.1: Wineglass model for IMRaD structure. The above scheme shows how to line up the information in IMRaD writing. It has two characteristics: the first is its top-bottom symmetric shape; the second is its change of width, meaning the top is wide, and it narrows towards the middle, and then widens again as it goes down toward the bottom.

  9. Alternative hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesis

    In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis is one of the proposed propositions in the hypothesis test. In general the goal of hypothesis test is to demonstrate that in the given condition, there is sufficient evidence supporting the credibility of alternative hypothesis instead of the exclusive proposition in the test (null hypothesis). [1]