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Densely packed decimal (DPD) is an efficient method for binary encoding decimal digits.. The traditional system of binary encoding for decimal digits, known as binary-coded decimal (BCD), uses four bits to encode each digit, resulting in significant wastage of binary data bandwidth (since four bits can store 16 states and are being used to store only 10), even when using packed BCD.
BCD numbers can be represented in two ways in integer registers: packed decimal and unpacked decimal. Packed (4 bits) In packed decimal representation a decimal digit is stored in one nibble. The values 10 to 15 are not used. [2] Unpacked (8 bits) In unpacked decimal representation a decimal digit is stored in one byte. The values 10 to 255 are ...
For example, a packed decimal value encoded with the bytes 12 34 56 7C represents the fixed-point value +1,234.567 when the implied decimal point is located between the fourth and fifth digits: 12 34 56 7C 12 34.56 7+ The decimal point is not actually stored in memory, as the packed BCD storage format does not provide for it.
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^ The current default format is binary. ^ The "classic" format is plain text, and an XML format is also supported. ^ Theoretically possible due to abstraction, but no implementation is included. ^ The primary format is binary, but text and JSON formats are available. [8] [9]
The C language has no provision for zoned decimal. The IBM ILE C/C++ compiler for System i provides functions for conversion between int or double and zoned decimal: [8] QXXDTOZ() — Convert Double to Zoned Decimal; QXXITOZ() — Convert Integer to Zoned Decimal; QXXZTOD() — Convert Zoned Decimal to Double; QXXZTOI() — Convert Zoned ...
The decimal arithmetic feature provides instructions that operate on packed decimal data. A packed decimal number has 1-31 decimal digits followed by a 4-bit sign. All of the decimal arithmetic instructions except PACK and UNPACK generate a Data exception if a digit is not in the range 0-9 or a sign is not in the range A-F.
This is a list of the instructions that make up the Java bytecode, an abstract machine language that is ultimately executed by the Java virtual machine. [1] The Java bytecode is generated from languages running on the Java Platform, most notably the Java programming language.