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Raw coke. Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.
For gas oil, MCR provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [5] For delayed cokers, the MCR of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [7] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the MCR of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [8]
This petroleum coke can either be fuel grade (high in sulphur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulphur and metals). The raw coke from the coker is often referred to as green coke. [1] In this context, "green" means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by calcining in a rotary kiln removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke.
The product coke from a delayed coker has many commercial uses and applications. [7] [10] [11] The largest use is as a fuel. The uses for green coke are: As fuel for space heaters, large industrial steam generators, fluidized bed combustions, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) units and cement kilns; In silicon carbide foundries
Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel and aluminium industries and is particularly valuable because the electrodes must be replaced regularly. Needle coke is produced exclusively from either fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) decant oil or coal tar pitch.
For gas oil, Concarbon provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from. [4] For delayed cokers, the Concarbon of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced. [5] [6] For fluid catalytic cracking units, the Concarbon of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency. [7]
The image below is a schematic flow diagram of a typical petroleum refinery that depicts the various refining processes and the flow of intermediate product streams that occurs between the inlet crude oil feedstock and the final end-products. The diagram depicts only one of the literally hundreds of different oil refinery configurations.
Gas emission. Coke oven interior: detail (1942, USA). The coke oven is the central element of a coking plant. Horizontal ovens, which are the most commonly used (they are suitable for monitoring the various extraction stages), take the form of narrow compartments (approx. 50 cm wide), but several meters high and several meters deep.