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  2. Black Reconstruction in America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Reconstruction_in...

    They developed new research and came to conclusions that revised the historiography of Reconstruction. This work emphasized black people's agency in their search for freedom and the era's radical policy changes that began to provide for general welfare, rather than the interests of the wealthy planter class. [21] [22]

  3. Reconstruction era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era

    The Reconstruction era was a period in United States history and Southern United States history that followed the American Civil War (April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865) and was dominated by the legal, social, and political challenges of the abolition of slavery and the reintegration of the eleven former Confederate States into the

  4. Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional...

    By the time he called a new state constitutional convention for 1868, three distinct parties had coalesced in Virginia. Radical Republicans included most ex-slave freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at ...

  5. African Americans in Virginia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia

    African Americans are the largest racial minority in Virginia. According to the 2010 Census, more than 1.5 million, or one in five Virginians is "Black or African American". African Americans were enslaved in the state. [3] As of the 2020 U.S. Census, African Americans were 18.6% of the state's population. [4]

  6. History of Virginia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Virginia

    From 1,800 persons in 1782, the total population of free blacks in Virginia increased to 12,766 (4.3 percent of blacks) in 1790, and to 30,570 in 1810; the percentage change was from free blacks' comprising less than one percent of the total black population in Virginia, to 7.2 percent by 1810, even as the overall population increased. [105]

  7. Civil Rights Act of 1875 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1875

    The Reconstruction Desegregation Debate: The Politics of Equality and the Rhetoric of Place, 1870-1875. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. ISBN 9780870136177. Wynn, Linda T. (2009). "Civil Rights Act of 1875". In Jessie Carney Smith, Linda T. Wynn (ed.). Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights ...

  8. Free Negro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Negro

    Black Bostonian's: Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1979). King, Wilma. The Essence of Liberty: Free Black Women during the Slave Era (2006). Lebsock, Susan. "Free black women and the question of matriarchy: Petersburg, Virginia, 1784–1820," Feminist n Mk (1982) 8#2 pp. 271–92. Polgar ...

  9. United States v. Cruikshank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Cruikshank

    Decided during the Reconstruction Era, the case represented a major defeat for federal efforts to protect the civil rights of African Americans. The case developed from the strongly contested 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election and the subsequent Colfax massacre , in which dozens of black people and three white people were killed.