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Jain philosophy or Jaina philosophy refers to the ancient Indian philosophical system of the Jain religion. [1] It comprises all the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among the early branches of Jainism in ancient India following the parinirvāṇa of Mahāvīra ( c. 5th century BCE ). [ 1 ]
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
According to Jainism, purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the path of three jewels: [1] [2] [3] Samyak darśana (Correct View), meaning faith, acceptance of the truth of soul (jīva); [4] Samyak jnana (Correct Knowledge), meaning undoubting knowledge of the tattvas; [5] and Samyak charitra (Correct Conduct), meaning behavior consistent with the Five vows. [5]
The distinguishing features of Jain philosophy are its belief in the independent existence of soul and matter, predominance of karma, the denial of a creative and omnipotent God, belief in an eternal and uncreated universe, a strong emphasis on nonviolence, an accent on anekantavada and morality and ethics based on liberation of the soul. The ...
According to Jainism, purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the path of three jewels: [3] [4] [5] Samyak darśana (Correct View), meaning faith, acceptance of the truth of soul (jīva); [6] Samyak jnana (Correct Knowledge), meaning undoubting knowledge of the tattvas; [7] and Samyak charitra (Correct Conduct), meaning behavior consistent with the Five vows. [7]
The whole scheme of gunasthana in Jain philosophy is devised in a logical order according to the principle of decreasing sinfulness and increasing purity. At the first stage, all the five causes of bondage—Irrational beliefs ( mithyatva ), non-restraint ( avirati ), carelessness ( pramada ), passions ( kashaya ) and activities of mind, speech ...
In Jainism, it is the highest and the noblest objective that a soul should strive to achieve. It fact, it is the only objective that a person should have; other objectives are contrary to the true nature of soul. That is why, Jainism is also known as mokṣamārga or the “path to liberation”.
Jain philosophy can be described in various ways, but the most acceptable tradition is to describe it in terms of the Tattvas or fundamentals. [2] Without knowing them one cannot progress towards liberation. They are: Jīva - Souls and living things; Ajiva - Non-living things; Asrava - Influx of karma; Bandha - The bondage of karma