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Meiosis was discovered and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876 by the German biologist Oscar Hertwig. It was described again in 1883, at the level of chromosomes , by the Belgian zoologist Edouard Van Beneden , in Ascaris roundworm eggs.
Meiosis generates genetic variation in the diploid cell, in part by the exchange of genetic information between the pairs of chromosomes after they align (recombination). Thus, on this view, [28] an advantage of meiosis is that it facilitates the generation of genomic diversity among progeny, allowing adaptation to adverse changes in the ...
Meiosis was initially discovered by Oscar Hertwig in 1876 as he examined the fusion of the gametes in sea urchin eggs. [2] In 1890, August Weismann, concluded that two different rounds of meiosis are required and defined the difference between somatic cells and germ cells.
In this work he discovered how chromosomes organized meiosis (the production of gametes). He is son of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden , a zoologist and paleontologist . Van Beneden elucidated, together with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger , the essential facts of mitosis , where, in contrast to meiosis, there is a qualitative and ...
The discovery of mitosis, meiosis and chromosomes is regarded as one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times, [9] and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology. [10] Meiosis was discovered and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876, by Oscar Hertwig.
Meiosis undergoes two divisions resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division of meiosis, such that each daughter cell has one copy of each chromosome. These chromosomes have already been replicated and have two sister chromatids which are then separated during the second division of ...
The second theory comes from the idea that meiosis evolved from bacterial transformation, with the function of propagating diversity. [9] In 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered a triploid maize plant. She made key findings regarding corn's karyotype, including the size and shape of the chromosomes.
Hertwig is known as Oscar Hedwig in the book "Who discovered what when" by David Ellyard. [6] A history of the discovery of fertilization for mammals including scientists like Hertwig and other workers is given by the book "The Mammalian Egg" by Austin.