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In 1967, Roderick Nash published Wilderness and the American Mind, a work that has become a classic text of early environmental history.In an address to the Organization of American Historians in 1969 (published in 1970) Nash used the expression "environmental history", [4] although 1972 is generally taken as the date when the term was first coined. [5]
The environmental assessment requirement of the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), "legitimized ecology," in the words of one environmental lawyer. [118] An ESA President called it "an ecological 'Magna Carta.'" [119] A prominent Canadian ecologist declared it a "boondoggle."
The Qin dynasty founds China's first empire period of China, conquers large areas of the East Asian mainland, and soon collapses, but is soon rebuilt by the Han dynasty, whose population and environmental impact is similar to that of the Roman Empire. Qin established some of the world's first environmental protection laws. [11] c. 225 BC
Earth provides liquid water—an environment where complex organic molecules can assemble and interact, and sufficient energy to sustain a metabolism. [246] Plants and other organisms take up nutrients from water, soils and the atmosphere. These nutrients are constantly recycled between different species. [247] A High Desert storm in the Mojave
Prior to The Origin of Species, there was little appreciation or understanding of the dynamic and reciprocal relations between organisms, their adaptations, and the environment. [231] An exception is the 1789 publication Natural History of Selborne by Gilbert White (1720–1793), considered by some to be one of the earliest texts on ecology ...
The origin of life on Earth is not well understood, but it is known to have occurred at least 3.5 billion years ago, [65] [66] [67] during the hadean or archean eons on a primordial Earth that had a substantially different environment than is found at present. [68] These life forms possessed the basic traits of self-replication and inheritable ...
An umwelt (plural: umwelten; from the German Umwelt meaning "environment" or "surroundings") is the specific way organisms of a particular species experience the world, which is dependant on what their sensory organs and perceptual systems can detect and interpret. [1]
This timeline of the history of environmentalism is a listing of events that have shaped humanity's perspective on the environment.This timeline includes human induced disasters, environmentalists that have had a positive influence, and environmental legislation.